Jing ling zhang8/25/2023 In recent years, scientists have made many advances in their understanding of the miR171 family in plants, but the analysis and classification of these developments are missing. As research has progressed, the miR171 functions have been discovered in plant growth, development, and stress responses, such as flowering time, phase transition, drought, extreme temperature, virus, and so on ( Sun et al., 2022 Huang et al., 2019 Huang et al., 2016 Curaba et al., 2013 Um et al., 2022 Huang et al., 2016 Jiang et al., 2018b Shi et al., 2022 Yan et al., 2022). MiR171 is a conserved 21-nt miRNA found in several plant species, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Solanum lycopersicum, Lilium pumilum, Hordeum vulgare, Morus alba, and others ( Mahale et al., 2014 Yang et al., 2017 Kravchik et al., 2019 Yan et al., 2022 Curaba et al., 2013 Sun et al., 2022). With advancements in research methods, many plant miRNAs have been discovered and characterized. (2002) identified 16 miRNAs in Arabidopsis, including miR171 and its homologs in rice ( Reinhart et al., 2002). The first plant miRNA in Arabidopsis thaliana was discovered by researchers in 2002. Most of the target genes of miRNAs are transcription factors involved in a wide range of plant processes, including growth and development, metabolism, abiotic and biotic stress, among others ( Bernardi et al., 2022 Jiang et al., 2018b Huang et al., 2016 Liu et al., 2018 Luis et al., 2012 Zhang et al., 2010). Studies also demonstrate that several miRNAs mediate DNA methylation to silence genes ( Huang et al., 2021 Zhang et al., 2006 Jover-Gil, Candela & Ponce, 2005). MiRNAs negatively regulate their target genes by cleaving complementary mRNA or inhibiting translation at the post-transcriptional level in many biological processes. The miRISC complex plays a crucial role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. The miRNA duplex binds with the cytoplasmic Argonaute (AGO) protein, leading to the removal and degradation of the miRNA* strand, ultimately forming the miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC) ( Schwarz et al., 2003). HEN1 then proceeds to methylate the duplex these 3′-terminal modifications do not occur in animal miRNAs ( Yang et al., 2006). DCL1 continues to act on pre-miRNA to form miRNA-miRNA ∗ duplex ( Kurihara & Watanabe, 2004). DCL1, in association with HYL1 and SE proteins, processes pri-miRNAs at the bottom of the stem to liberate pre-miRNAs ( Kurihara & Watanabe, 2004 Kurihara, Takashi & Watanabe, 2006 Lobbes et al., 2006). The genes encoding miRNA are transcribed by RNA polymerase II to form a primary transcript, pri-miRNA, which is a few hundred nts long ( Lee et al., 2004). MiRNAs are the end products of miRNA-encoding genes that undergo a series of processing processes. Since then, miRNAs have been the subject of several studies. Lee, Feinbaum & Ambros (1993) discovered the first members of the miRNA family in Caenorhabditis elegans in 1993. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNA transcripts of 19–24 nucleotides (nts) that play essential roles in the growth, development, and stress tolerance of plants and animals by regulating gene expression ( Yang et al., 2017 Huang et al., 2021). This review is intended to summarize recent updates on miR171 regarding its function in plant life and hopefully provide new ideas for understanding miR171 function and regulatory mechanisms. Most of miR171’s target genes are in the GRAS gene family, but also include some NSP, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and other genes. The miRNA functions by regulating the expression of target genes. In addition to being involved in plant growth and development, hormone signaling and stress response, miR171 also plays multiple and important roles in plants through interactions with microbe and other small-RNAs. The miR171 sequences among different species are highly similar, and the vast majority of them have both “GAGCCG” and “CAAUAU” fragments. As one of the first miRNAs found in plants, miR171 is a typical class of conserved miRNAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNA with 19–24 nucleotides (nts) in length, which play an essential role in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level.
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